非谓语动词不定式动名词现在过去分词作定语

非谓语动词不定式动名词现在过去分词作定语
作定语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。非谓语动词作后置定语的三种被动形式：
名词＋to be done表将来 the meeting to be held tomorrow
名词＋done 表过去和完成 the house built years ago
名词＋being done表进行 the meat being cooked now
非谓语动词用法
不定式一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作，若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰
动名词一般位于被修饰词之前，说明被修饰词的用途
现在分词表示主动、正在进行的意义
过去分词表示被动、完成的意义
Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall?
你打算参加在大厅召开的会议吗？
There is much that can be done about the problem arising from carelessness.

我们能做很多来解决由粗心引起的问题。

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Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
受邀参加聚会的人大多都是注明的科学家。
作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you got any clothes to wash?
你有衣服要洗吗？(不定式to wash的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you got any clothes to be washed?
你有衣服要(我或别人)洗吗？(不定式to be washed的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
注意
名词ability, chance, way等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。
I haven’t got a chance to go abroad. 我没有出国的机会。

About 21，000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings．
Instead，they receive their elementary and high school education by working at home on computers．The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools．” and that is about twice as many as two years ago．
The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live．Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools．They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well．
Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed．These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools．They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school．
Whatever the judgement of cyberschools，they are getting more and more popular．For example，a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall．It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen．
Children get free equipment for their online education．This includes a computer，a printer，books and technical services．Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary．
Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another．But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time．They were guests of honor at their graduation．
1．What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool？
A．They have to take long bus rides to school．
B．They study at home rather than in classrooms．
C．They receive money from traditional public schools．
D．They do well in traditional school programs．
2．What is a problem with cyberschools？
A．Their equipment costs a lot of money．
B．They get little support from the state government．
C．It is hard to know students' progress in learning．
D．The students find it hard to make friends．
3．Cyberschools are getting popular became _______．
A．they are less expensive for students
B．their students can work at their own speed
C．their graduates are more successful in society
D．they serve students in a wider age range
4．We can infer that the author of the text is _______．
A．unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools
B．excited about the future of cyberschools
C．doubtful about the quality of cyberschoois
D．disappointed at the development of cyberschools